This program is a game program, Tic Tac Toe. Most of us have played this game in school days, we will be making a C++ program on it now. This program is quite lengthy, so I’ll first explain each variable and function.
Variables used:
(global) int gameover: This variable is initialized to 0 and its value is altered to 1 when the game is over. The program stops execution at gameover = 1.
int pos[9]: This array contains the positions 1 – 9. This array is just used in one function (void print_board_start())
(global) char set[9] : This array is initialized to values 1 to 9. The values of 1 to 9 are altered to either X or O depending on user input. For instance: Player 1 (X) selects position 5 to mark as ‘X’. The function input_board_x() sets the value of set[5-1] = X. Similar process happens with Player 2(O).
(global) int taken[9]: This array to check if a position is taken. For instance, if a user selects position 5, taken[5-1] will be set to 1. While taking input from user, the program first checks if taken[x_pos - 1] = 1. If it is, it would tell the Player 1 that the position is already taken and asks to re-enter the position.
count: To count the number of moves. This variable cannot exceed 8 as there can only be 9 moves in a tic tac toe game.
void print_board_start(): This objective of this function is basically to print the starting board without any ‘X’ or ‘O’.
void input_board_x()/void input_board_y(): These two functions alter the values of the positions of set[] to ‘X’ or ‘O’ depending on the users’ choice.
check_gameover();: This function tests if the game is over. If it is, then the value of gameover is set to 1.
check_duplicate();: Checks if user has entered a position that is already taken.
Program:
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#include <iostream> #include <conio.h> using namespace std; int gameover= 0; int pos[9]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; char set[9]={'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'}; int taken[9]={0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; char cPlayer1 = 'X'; char cPlayer2 = 'O'; void print_board_start() //Prints board at the start of the program { cout<<"Welcome to Tic Tac Toe."<<endl; cout<<"|"<<pos[0]<<"|"<<pos[1]<<"|"<<pos[2]<<"|"<<endl; cout<<"-------"<<endl; cout<<"|"<<pos[3]<<"|"<<pos[4]<<"|"<<pos[5]<<"|"<<endl; cout<<"-------"<<endl; cout<<"|"<<pos[6]<<"|"<<pos[7]<<"|"<<pos[8]<<"|"<<endl; cout<<"-------"<<endl; } void input_board_x(int user_pos_x) //Sets the value for Player 1(X). { set[user_pos_x-1]= 'X'; } void input_board_y(int user_pos_y) //Sets position for Player 2(O) { set[user_pos_y-1]= 'O'; } void final_result_board() //Prints board after the game is won. { cout<<"|"<<set[0]<<"|"<<set[1]<<"|"<<set[2]<<endl; cout<<"-------"<<endl; cout<<"|"<<set[3]<<"|"<<set[4]<<"|"<<set[5]<<endl; cout<<"-------"<<endl; cout<<"|"<<set[6]<<"|"<<set[7]<<"|"<<set[8]<<endl; cout<<"-------"<<endl; } int check_gameover() // Checks if the game is over { //***---Checking if game is over.***---// //First possibilty if(set[0] == set[1] && set[2] == set[0]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[0] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } //Second possiblity if(set[0] == set[3] && set[6] == set[0]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[0] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } //Third possibility if(set[0] == set[4] && set[8] == set[0]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[0] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } //Fourth possibility if(set[1] == set[4] && set[7] == set[1]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[1] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } //Fifth possibility if(set[2] == set[5] && set[2] == set[8]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[2] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } //Sixth possibilty if(set[2] == set[4] && set[4] == set[6]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[2] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } //Seventh possibilty if(set[6] == set[7] && set[8] == set[6]) { cout<<"GAME OVER!"<<endl; gameover = 1; if(set[2] == cPlayer1) { cout<<"Player 1 wins!"<<endl; } else cout<<"Player 2 wins!"<<endl; } return gameover; } int check_duplicate(int i) //Checks if any of the two players add a duplicate data. { while(taken[i-1] == 1) { cout<<i<<" is already taken, please select another spot "; cin>>i; } return i; } int main() { int count = 0; int x_pos,y_pos; print_board_start(); cout<<"Player 1 : X"<<endl<<"Player 2 : 0"<<endl; while(gameover==0 && count<=8) { count++; cout<<"Enter the position for X :"<<endl; cin>>x_pos; while(x_pos>9 || x_pos <1 ) { cout<<"Invalid Move! Please select position from 1 to 9: "; cin>>x_pos; } if(taken[x_pos-1] == 1) { x_pos=check_duplicate(x_pos); } input_board_x(x_pos); //Setting the position of X. taken[x_pos -1] = 1; ////Setting the user entered position to taken. check_gameover(); //Check if the game is over. if(gameover == 1) //If game ends, this part of code will terminate the while loop { break; } if(count == 9) //If there have been 9 moves till now, loops stop executing { break; } count++; final_result_board(); //Prints current game progress cout<<"Enter the position for 0 : "<<endl; cin>>y_pos; while(y_pos>9 || y_pos <1 ) //If user enters invalid move. That is more than 9 and less than 0. { cout<<"Invalid Move! Please select position from 1 to 9: "; cin>>y_pos; } if(taken[y_pos-1] == 1) { y_pos=check_duplicate(y_pos); } input_board_y(y_pos); //Setting the position of Y. taken[y_pos -1] = 1; //Setting the user entered position to taken. check_gameover(); // Checks if the game is over final_result_board(); //Prints current game progress if(gameover == 1) //If game ends, this part of code will terminate the while loop { break; } } if(gameover == 0) //If there is no result, i.e gameover stays at 0 after 9 iteration. { cout<<"Draw"<<endl; } final_result_board(); getch(); } |
I know, this explanation is not so good. If you have any queries regarding the program, please let us know via comments.
Also, if you have a better program, feel free to let us know about it via comments.
Thank You.
Tested in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.
Vlad
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